MOTHER THERESA OF
CALCUTTA
Passages from the book:
Mother of Charity –
written by Lush Gjergji (ed. Velar)
Every man
is born in a family, whether it maybe a good, exemplary, mediocre or bad;
without any exception, the family surely has its weight, an importance
sometimes decisive for the entire life, even if often, we are not aware of
this. Everyone has impressed in their hearts the images of the father, mother
and brothers.. Another significant weight is the social-cultural environment,
religious, educational, intellectual, professional, which particularly marks
every individual. For these reasons it is very important to know the
social-cultural environment in which Ganxhe Bojaxhiu has grown-up in.
Therefore,
who was Ganxhe Bojaxhiu? It is the Christian name and last name of Mother
Theresa of Calcutta.
The
Bojaxhiu family, of Catholic faith, was a very big family of merchants and
their business extended up-to Misir in Egypt. A minority remained in Prizren
and other various localities, as per example in Skopje. Even if this family was
scattered in various regions, they were always united and continued their
various religious and cultural traditions. Why was this great big family
scattered in various regions? It is believed that the main reason be for business
purposes, but also for epidemics or otherwise for the Turkish persecutions. In
fact, according to the testimonies handed down, the Turks one night gathered
all the Catholic head families for dinner and in this occasion killed them all
in the most cruel way possible, in accordance to their customs at that time.
The family
of Mother Theresa was composed of Kolë the father, Drane the mother, Lazër the
brother who lived and died in Palermo (Italy) on May 1981, Age the eldest
sister and Ganxhe the youngest.
This is
how Lazër describes his father:
"My
father was a well-known merchant. Initially he worked and collaborated with the
doctor named Sueskalovic, which was a known medical doctor in that time in
Skopje and my father really admired him. Probably for this reason many authors
have written, that my father was a pharmacist or druggist, because he worked
with a doctor and sold medicines. But he was a merchant and an excellent
businessman. My father together with a friend were owners of a building
contractor firm very strong in Skopje. He achieved in possessing many houses
and villas, where we lived in one of them, up on till his death.
We had a
very pleasant and serene life. He was a very social man, so that our home was
open to all. Latter on, he knew an Italian merchant, a certain Mr. Morten,
probably Venetian, very rich, he was
occupied in selling various merchandises, such as: foodstuffs, oil, sugar, textiles, leather, practically all items
so called "colonial products". My father collaborated with him and
began to travel a lot all around Europe. When he would return from his trips he
would want all of us together so that he could clearly narrate what he saw, did
and projected. He would also bring various things, but best of all it was nice
to hear him narrate his adventures during his frequent trips. He often and willingly spoke with Age, my eldest sister,
while Drane, my mother, would speak with Ganxhe and me.
My father
was a severe man and pretended much from us. I recall when he would return home
at night and wake me up to ask me if I behaved well during the day, and he
would interrogate me on my multiplication table, on other school home works and
would repeat "Do not forget who you are children of". I remember with
great joy my father's generosity.
He would
donate food and money without being observed and not boasting himself for this.
Sometimes he would send me to bring money, clothing, food and other needs to
the poor people of our city. He would always say "You must all be generous
with everyone, because God was, and is generous with us and has given us much,
everything, therefore, this must be done to all…" An elderly women in her
eighties, called Markoni, would often come to our home, were she drank coffee,
eau-de-vie and ate with us at lunch or at dinner.
My father
would say, "Receive her well and with love, because she is poor and
abandoned, she has nobody!"
Even
Mother Theresa remembers her father with great pleasure and with vivid recalls,
very significant. Here is a detailed story from Mother Theresa:
"My father Kolë would often tell me: "My
daughter, do not take or accept a mouthful if it will not be divided among
others!". Or: "Egoism is a spiritual disease which renders you slave
and does not permit you to live and serve others"".
The
Bojaxhiu home was not only materially rich, but was moreover spiritually rich,
open to all and especially to poor and needy people. Many citizens of Skopje
had experimented the generosity of this home, as it is said even today in
certain zones in Albania: "you are
generous as the Bojaxhiu family".
This
family warmth has found fertile grounds in the heart of the young Ganxhe
Bojaxhiu. She conserved and custody in her heart all see saw and heard in her
home. These experiences blossomed in her life and good deeds of Mother Theresa.
Lazër
again narrates:
"My father often would give me money, food or clothing
and would say: "Go to that family. Make sure you're not observed. If you
find the door or window open, leave our aids and flee away". I did this
often so did Age and Ganxhe. My father wanted to help everyone, but he didn't
want to be observed in doing this; it was very clear to him the evangelic
passage: "When you make charity, your left side must not know what your
right side is doing, so that your charity remains a secret; and your father,
that sees the secret, will one day reward you" (Mt 6,3)".
For all
these circumstances and for many others, the family of Kolë Bojaxhiu was known
and esteemed by everyone. Particularly Kolë was a prestigious man in the city
of Skopje. He had many good projects, many progressive ideas: he helped and
sustained the church school, the teaching, and the culture. In that period, no
one sent their children to school, especially the girls, under the negative
Islamic conception, that considered women inferior to men. Well then, Kolë
Bojaxhiu even for this matter had clear christian, progressive ideas and he
didn't want to be influenced by the traditional environment, so not only did he
make Lazër study, but also Age and Ganxhe in such a way to give his example to
others.
He was
also active in politics and he fought for the right causes of the liberation
from the Turks. He was the town-councillor of Skopje and exactly the politics
costs his life. One day he went to Belgrad for a very important meeting with
other councillors. With him there was also Toma Baldini, secretary of the
Italian Consulate of Skopje. He was poisoned. When he returned home he was
feeling very badly. His last words to his wife Drane, were: "Do not worry, everything will go well.
Everything is in God's hands…. Drane, I pray you to look over the children…From
today they are yours… and of God".
Around
8:30 in the evening he was brought to the hospital. In the morning he was
operated, but without success. He died of haemorrhage the next day, as
witnessed by Sueskalovic, but no one would have ever dared to say so. It was
autumn 1918 and everyone talked and cried, because they felt they had lost the "father of the poor".
With
the death of Kolë, the business relationship interrupted with Mr. Morten and
the activity little by little went subsiding until its full stop, forcing the
Bojaxhiu family at a slow and progressive economic decline. With the
catastrophic earthquake in 1964 all traces of the Bojaxhiu has been cancelled.
Their home was strongly damaged and today in its place there is a big
supermarket built by the Japanese. Even the cemetery was severely damaged and
the mortal remains of Kolë and of other deceased people were collected and put
in a common grave. A great man, generous, patriot, constructor, but above all
the great father of the great Mother Theresa of Calcutta, does not have a tomb,
an engraving nor a monument of recognition.
Drane was the
mother of Ganxhe, born in Novorile, close to Gjakova (Kossovo) in a noble and
rich family.
At the age
of about 20, she married Kolë Bojaxhiu, in the most traditional way: by
knowledge of the families and not for love. It was a happy, harmonious matrimony,
which created a very exemplary family in all senses.
Lazër
confided this particular:
"I have never seen my parents quarrel. They were always
disposed to talk, discuss and stay close to us. Mother Drane devoted her life
to her children. She was occupied with the housewifery, while father Kolë had
many work engagements, many responsibilities, but at the same time had trust
towards mother Drane and children.
Even
Mother Theresa had said:
"I will never forget my mother. Usually, she was very
occupied during the day, but when the evening closed on, she had the habit to
hurry-up the housework, in order to be ready to welcome my father home. At that
time we didn't understand and were seldom laughing and joking about this. Today
I cannot do without, as to recall how she was so delicate with my father:
whatever would have happened, she was always ready to receive him with a smile
on her lips…"
Suddenly
after the death of her husband, Kolë, a lot of things had changed. She then had
to work, educate and bring forth along the weight of the family. As a good
christian, she didn't find any other way as to abandon herself totally in God's
hands; trying to be close to her children and make them grow strong and serene
even if, in very difficult conditions. She had to work day and night; she would
sew bride and other traditional dresses.
Lazër
recalls her like this:
"My mother was a strong woman, truly indestructible,
and at the same time was gentle, generous and piteous towards the poor. She was
very religious. I think that Ganxhe resembles our mother; in her I always found
characteristics that were common to both. My mother knew how to keep the house
in order and she would educate us, with few words but with a lot of action and
examples. She never permitted that we be lacking for something. I remember here
faith. Every night we'd pray together. During the month of May we would go to
the church for rosary and blessing".
Lazër
recalls again:
"Every year our mother would bring us to Letnica.
Ganxhe and Age would leave a month before or even more. Ganxhe was ailing, she
suffered from whooping cough and malaria. In Letnica, she completely recovered.
Our mother had great care for us. She would always say: "I will give you
everything, ask, pretend, but I will also pretend that all of you be good and
example for others".
Even if
they were not as rich as before the death of Kolë, the traditional care for the
poor, orphans and needy continued in the Bojaxhiu family. Here is the direct
testimony of Mother Theresa:
"Many poor of Skopje and nearby localities knew our
door. No one ever left our house with empty hands. Everyday we had someone at
our table for lunch. The first times, I would ask my mother: Who are these? She
would reply: Some are our relatives, others are common people. Growing-up I
know that they were poor people without anything and that my mother
nourished".
Lazër,
instead narrated to me some touching and piteous particulars:
"Lor Gèzuri had abandoned her old mother and our mother
would go to her at least once a week to bring her food and to reset the house
and sometimes Ganxhe would accompany her. I have still in front of my eyes a
certain File, an alcoholic, a really sick woman. She was full of sores. My
mother would was her and medicate her twice a day. She would nourish her as if
she were a little girl.
another example:
There was a widow of very bad health with 6 children. This
widow worked night and day. Our mother also took care of her. When see didn't
have time to go personally, she would send Ganxhe. When this woman died, her
children grew-up with us, like as if they were our sisters and brothers.".
Drane had
a very strong faith: she was like this because she believed what she gave and
made to God, is what she did to her fellow men. She also wanted that her
children be educated in the same faith, and therefore, sometimes, she would
bring them with herself while assisting various ill, poor, abandoned and
suffering people, thus in this way, her children would personally know what
human suffering was all about and what they could do to help in someway.
After
having visited and helped someone, or in the evening, when she would tell us of
her day, and above all we stayed together and prayed; she often would repeat
this as a main fundamental of life and work:
"When you do good deeds, do them, as if you would to
throw a stone in the ocean depth".
Mother
Theresa talked with a lot of fear and with pride of the first time she told to
her mother of becoming a nun:
"When I first manifested the desire to donate my
chastity to God, my mother opposed, but at the end she said: Alright my girl,
go, but be careful to be only of God and of Christ". Not only God, but she
would also have condemned me if I didn't worthily follow my calling. One day
she asked me: "My girl, did you live only for God?.
At the beginning, my mother was on the contrary of my
calling to be a missionary, even if she was a saint woman. She didn't want to
lose me. All of us at home prayed together. One day she said to mse: I will
give you the permission to go in the convent; and what did she do? She closed
herself in a room for an entire day and didn't want to see anybody. When I left
my home for the missions, she said to me: Put your hand in Christ's hand and
look ahead. Look directly at him. Do not even look back. Always ahead".
In
the Albanian concept, under the Turkish-Islamic influence, the male lies a stop
over the female. The woman in the family is only considered as a bag to bring
forth a child that God will one day give her. A marriage with only female
off-springs is to be considered an unhappy marriage, or worse, a disgrace.
Moreover, according to the Koran, the father has the absolute power over his
female offspring, even in the matter of matrimony. After his full power over
his female offspring, with the marriage, she passes under the power of her
husband, where as he pleases may punish or expel her as he wishes, etc., etc.
When
Ganxhe Bojaxhiu was born, even with the Turkish dominion and influence, her
family accepted her with great love and gratitude, as if she were a gift from
God. When she was baptised all the family gathered together around Ganxhe. Most
of the people present were poor people coming to celebrate her and to thank the
family for all the good deeds received.
Ganxhe was
a girl of delicate health and her mother was very preoccupied for this. When
she turned seven years old, she was sent to the catholic school near the Sacred
Heart Church. In the parish church, she received her first communion and
confirmation. She was very intelligent, obedient and was the joy of the entire
family.
Her
brother Lazër recalls her in this way:
"She was a normal girl, maybe a little secluded and
introverted. She had many friends. She always was with them and they were very
delighted to stay with her. Right from elementary school we noticed her talent
for studying. She was the first of her class, always ready to help others. I
remember she has an intimate friend, the daughter of doctor Miljkovic. She was
very inclined to poetry, which she wrote and read to her friends. She was very
open with them, while with men, she was very shy. However, she was very social
and didn't care of what religion, language or nationality a person would be. I
have never heard her say no to her parents. Our mother would often say:
"Do as Ganxhe does, it doesn't matter if she is much younger than you”.
She
always wanted order and discipline from us. Every evening at
turns, we had to clean the shoes; Age, myself and Ganxhe. Sometimes I prayed
Ganxhe to do it for me, and she would reply, ok brother, I'll do that for
you!". She never would spy on me – whenever i did something I shouldn't
have. For what I know, I believe that our mother felt that Ganxhe had a religious
calling. I remember her saying that she couldn't enjoy Ganxhe long enough for
two reasons: her delicate health or her donation to God. For this she much
loved Ganxhe and when God called, she offered her willingly".
As a young
girl Ganxhe, beyond her studies, was very occupied in the parish community; she
sang in the choir, she recited in the city theatre and in various parish shows,
she would: dance, write poetry, play the mandolin, etc.
The
parish, for her, and for the whole family, was considered their second family.
She helped
the priest in the catechism. Above all she would show her disposal when
translating in Albanian from Serbo-Croatian, in fact, the children, didn’t know
this language. Together with her sister Age would sing in the church choir.
Here is a
direct testimony of her brother, Lazër:
“It was Sunday. Ganxhe and Age prepared themselves to go to
mass. They invited me to sing with them in the choir. That day both of them had
to sing alone: Age as the second voice and Ganxhe as soprano. In that occasion
I heard them for the first sing together in a duetto. They san wonderfully as
all the congregation proclaimed the two church nightingales wth love and
sympathy”.
Here is a
testimony form the musician Lorenc Antoni:
“Ganxhe sang beautifully and together with her sister Age
sang my first composition, written by me during high school. Its title was “On
the hill beside the lake”. It was performed in March 1928, at the show for the
poor. Ganxhe was very punctual for the rehearsals, she would always anticipate
her arrival and would always be happy. She would participate at the shows
organised by the catholic youth group; sometimes she would recite, sing, and
play. I was the person who taught Ganxhe how to play the mandolin; she learned
very fast and well. She was a person whom everybody would like to stay with.
She was born an organiser. Ganxhe had grown up in the church courtyard which
was only two passes away from her home. Ganxhe and her mother were always
engaged in various church activities and Lazër made them notice that they were
more in the church then at home.
Here is
another testimony from Lazër:
“When I left home, Ganxhe was more that 13 years old. She
was very fond of the missionary work and when they came from far away places,
she would encounter and listen to them with great pleasure. One day one of
those missionaries said: Every man has his road which he must follow. These
words deeply touched the young heart of my sister. The Jesuit which substituted
the Albanian priest opened the geographical map where all the positions of the
missions where countersigned. I remember, that this fact really affected my
sister, because she came home and told me everything and said: "My
brother, if you should only know when and how our missionaries work…, what life
they lead and how they need our assistance." Everyone was bewildered and
astonished that she knew the exact location of the activities, and all the
particularities of each missionary."
Lazër
affirmed that Ganxhe herself made this confidence to him:
"I was still young, around 13 years old and when
together with my family for the first time had the desire to be completely of
God. I thought of this praying for 6 years! There were times in which I thought
I had no vocation. At the end I convinced myself to be called by God."
In 1927,
in a whirling of preoccupations and doubts about here vocation, she decided to
retreat for reflections for about 2 months in the sanctuary of our Lady of
Letnica. She did the same for the next year: the result was a much more radical
and everlasting convincement that her destiny was to become a "missionary
sister".
The
decision was now definite. The written application made to the "Loreto
sisters" of Dublin, had a positive response, therefore, everything was
ready for her departure.
Mr. Lorenc
Antoni on the day of her departure, vividly described and reported on his diary
as follows: "….A lot of people came to accompany her: children,
youngsters, almost all the parish, but even all her school friends were present.
All the eyes where reverted to her, full of inquiring and inexpressive
questions: What shall be of his girl who is going to India, in a foreign lad
and so far away?
I got up
very early. I first went to church and then to the train station. I bought
three tickets for Zagabria for Drane, Age and Ganxhe. Everyone was crying at
the station, also Ganxhe, even if she said before that she wouldn't. I too was
about to cry. Thinking that I was about to lose a relative and a good friend.
In the moment of our leave-talking, she strongly grasped my hand. I coldly
replied to her, in order to help her overcome this moment. The train departed.
Everyone of us from the sidewalk were saying farewell by waving handkerchiefs.
She never finished to wave good-bye till we couldn't see her anymore. The sun
illuminated her with its rays; she looked like the moon, that slowly vanished
in the daylight. The foreseen trip itineraries were: Skopje – Zagabria,
Zagabria – Dublin, Dublin – Calcutta. In Dublin there was the mother superior and
other sisters of "Loreto" order, even they were destined to Calcutta.
They stopped here for 3 months, to learn English and to get better acquainted
with the monastery's religious life. As tradition wants, here is were she
received her name of: Maria Theresa of little Jesus. Finally on December 1st
1928, mother Theresa and her sisters left on the vessel for Calcutta. It was a
long and difficult journey which concluded on January 6 1929, therefore, they
were obliged to pass Christmas on the vessel."
It was
very impressive her first encounter with the Indian reality; from one of her
letters we can have these images: "…. A lot of families lived on the
streets, along the city walls even in the crowded spaces. They lived day and
night outside on a carpet made of palm leaves, or in many cases, on the naked
earth. All of them are completely naked. They had very thin bracelets on their
arms and legs and sort of ornaments on their noses and ears. On the forehead
they had some significant religious signs. Passing by a street, we have
encountered a family who were gathered around their dead love one, wrapped in a
red tattered lined and had spreaded yellow flowers over the body and his face
was multicoloured stripped painted. The whole scenery was horrible. If our people
would see such things, they wouldn't certainly moan for their mishaps, but
would thank God for such abundance."
Nothing or
absolutely nothing would escape her eyes and sensible heart. Now the dream has
become a reality, a much more cruel and poor reality then what she could have
imagined. Already in her description of the first encounter with this reality
in Calcutta, there is the bud of a great sister Theresa, of a big heart that
observes everything, suffers, prays and thinks: "What can and what must I
do in this land of great poverty, pain and suffering?"
Nothing
for the moment. After a few days of rest she had to abandon Calcutta and try to
forget the various dramatic episodes and in silence and prayer, had to prepare
herself for her religious vocation. It was the time of the postulate, which
served to verify if the young girls were really suitable and capable of
embracing the religious life in the convent, in the community and their totally
dedication to God and the church by receiving the religious vows. In this way
she got acquainted with the specific activities of the "Sisters of
Loreto" congregation, which were dedicated to medicine and school.
The young
Maria Theresa started her novitiate at Darjeeling, on May 23 1929. In this
occasion she wrote a letter at home saying that she was well and happy.
During the
period of her novitiate, she totally and joyfully dedicated her spiritual and
internal life, thus, preparing herself well for her future missions. She had
much time for prayers, meditation and read a lot about the lives of saints and
above all the Bible.
In her
second year of novitiate, she also had the possibility together with other
sisters to assist and help the sick and poor, thus, practising charity and
service towards others.
The teacher
and her sisters were very much happy about sister Theresa. This was the
valuation of the novitiate: Theresa was very engaged in her spiritual life, in
the community life, always ready to help others; very punctual, joyful and
happy. She was, therefore, admitted to her first vows, the temporary ones.
The life
of the novitiate is the preparation for the religious mission, for the
missonary life and activities. The enthusiasm, love and a great will to do a
lot of things, to change the world, which is a classical characteristic of
youngsters, must now be verified in life's reality and in daily work.
During the
novitiation one learns about things on a “theoretical” level, inside the
community. After the general “testing”, the “guide” towards life, the vocation,
faith and votive practise: for “sister Theresa” we could say was her “flight”
towards the service of her fellowmen. The young sister in her period of
novitiate had accumulated in her heart and spirit a lot of desires, prospects,
good projects of sacrificing and donating herself.
The first
work she had after the novitiate was that of a nurse: assist and help the
suffering. That kind of work was very heartfelt, because she already had a certain
experience back home, in Skopje, where, together with her mother Drane would
assist the sick and aged people. In other words this was her realisation.
After a
certain period there was a new temptation: the mother superior had differently
decided; her work at the hospital must be interrupted; the exact reason is
never known, if it to be health or other unknown circumstantial reasons.
Even if
sister Theresa was displeased for this, she would obey because this was part of
her vows. By means of her superiors God’s will has been indicated; sister
Theresa is convinced and therefore obeys. That certain “yes” promised to God is
once more verified and confirmed.
She left
the hospital and re-entered the convent in Calcutta; she thought and prayed
always for the sick that more than the necessary cures, they needed love,
patience, service and human dignity. Sister Theresa would sometimes ask herself
what was the reason for her movement. Rationally she never gave herself an
answer, but her faith made her understand that this was “God’s will”.
She was
directed to teaching and she, who really loved to study, accepted this mission
with pleasure. She was employed in St. Mary’s school, which was a well-known
and distinctive school in Calcutta for girls of well-of and rich families.
In 1935
sister Theresa talks about another engagement that was given to her by her
superiors, and she surely would have said “its the providence”: the school of
Saint Theresa.
Of this
episode she writes:
“I
engaged myself with another work, the school of Saint Theresa which is situated
in Calcutta… the same say that this work has been given to me, I went to the
school to see what the reality was all about…
The school was not too far away from our home, therefore,
everyday I go to school with an Indian carriage. In this way I arrive sooner
than my sooty little ones….
When my little kids saw me for the first time, they looked
at each other and they asked themselves if I were a bad spirit or a goddess.
They have no half-ways. They adore like a divinity those who are good with
them, while they are afraid of those who are ill-disposed like as if they were
demons.
I made an effort and got on with it. I moved everything from
the class, got some water and a brush and started to scrub the pavement. They
stood awhile looking at me, since they never saw a teacher start the lessons
with such a work, because, above all, the cleaning is done by the lower class
people. Seeing that I was happy and smiling, the girls started to help me while
the boys brought other water. In fact, in two hours, the dirty room was
transformed, at least in part in a school class where everything was clean
enough. The room was a big hall which formerly served as a chapel and was
divided into 5 classes.
When I arrived there were 52 children, now there are 300. I
teach also in another school, where there are about another 300 children, but
this school does not resemble a school, but a stable.
I also teach in another place, a sort of farmyard. When I
saw how these children slept and how they were nourished, my heart tightened-up
because it is impossible to find the worst misery! But they were happy. Bless
the childhood!
When we got acquainted with each other, we wouldn’t stay in
our skins for the joy. They started jumping and singing around me, up on till I
placed my hand on each little dirty heads. From that day they called me “MA”
which means MOTHER: How little renders happy these simple souls!
The mothers had started to bring me their children for the
blessing. At first I was astonished for this request, but in the missions we
must be ready for everything, even blessings….”
Another
description of her encounters with the people:
“Every
Sunday I visit the poor in the lower Calcutta. I cannot help them because I do
not have anything, but I go to them to make them happy. The last time at least
20 children were waiting for their “MA” with great eager. When they saw me,
they started running towards me all jumping on one leg.
In that “pari”, that’s how this house is called and 12
families live in them. Every family has one room of 2 meters length and 1 ½
meters width. The doors are so narrow, that I have difficulty in passing
through. The ceiling is so low that you can not stand up-right and to think
that these poor people live in such hovels and have to pay 4 rupia. The worst
thing of this is that if they didn’t pay they would be thrown out.”
She
was finishing her novitiation and before getting her perpetual vows a certain
period of silence and prayers was foreseen. She was withdrawn from the school
and from every other activity. All the children were very displeased and didn’t
want to lose their “MA” Mother.
After
receiving her perpetual vows the mother superior called her and told her: you
will return to Calcutta to work in St. Mary’s school; the high school were she
previously worked for the first time.
When she
returned to Calcutta the girls gave her a party, first of all because she
returned and secondly for her perpetual vows. Sister Theresa gave herself
totally for her new function as a professor and director of the school.
In that
period she had undergone a long illness where many people thought that she was
going to die. But instead, she totally recovered and started her work with
great eager as before. While sister Theresa’s stay in the school, she never
forgot her family and above all her mother Drane. She wrote a letter in Tirana,
containing the following message:
“I an
very displeased for not being with you, but be happy my dearest mother, because
your little Ganxhe is happy… Our community is very beautiful, I’m a teacher and
I love the work I do. I’m also a director of the entire school and they all
like me…”
Her mother
replied:
“My
dear daughter, do not forget that you went there for the poor. Do you remember
our Filja? She is full of sores, but what torments her the most is that she
feels all alone. We are doing our best to help her. In fact, the worst thing
are not the sores she has, but because she has been forgotten by her
relatives…”
On receipt
of the letter from her mother Drane, sister Theresa was very happy, but after
reading it she stopped smiling… at this point the sisters asked her:
“Has
something happened? No, everything is quite well. My mother, brother and sister
send their regards to everyone here in the community”.
Sister
Theresa read and re-read the letter. When she had gone in the streets of
Calcutta she saw and experienced the “show” of the misery, which made her
suffer a lot, but what could she have done more or better…?
Everyone
was very proud of her and when there was a conflict inside the school or
college, she was the only person capable with lots of wisdom and love to
resolve the problem. She was also satisfied, happy because in the religious
life she discovered herself, a lot of satisfaction in praying, meditation, in
observing the rules of the community life.
After long
reflections and prayers, she has no further doubts; God wants something from
her but she didn’t understand what still. She would say later on, referring to
the struggle in searching God’s will:
“I
have never doubted of my religious vocation. I felt deep down inside my heart
that God was calling me for another vocation, life, work, but I didn’t know and
understood why and how”.
After
about 20 years of missionary activity inside the school, an interior voice
becoming more and more clear and demanding, almost an order: “You must go out
and serve the poor!”.
So this is
how the adventure of Mother Theresa begins. She for so many years prayed and
tried to do something for these people. But teaching, working with the girls
and visiting their families, was considered doing very little by her. She made
a spiritual reflection retreat, from which se came out determined to give a
radical turning to her life. She said the following to the Loreto sisters:
“I
have decided to abandon the convent in order to freely serve the poor within
the poorest”.
After this
decision, she made a written request to the General Superior of the “Loreto
Sisters” order in Ireland. The mother superior replied as follows:
“If
God is calling you, with all my heart I must give you my permission. But do not
forget that you will always be in our hearts…. If this is God’s will…. You must
know that you can count on our friendship, esteem and love of our congregation.
If something should happen and you wish to return, we will accept you again
very willingly as our sister”.
The reply
was more than positive, maternal, but at the end the Mother Superior added: “However, for this you must revert to Rome”.
For this
matter the Bishop came involved, which at the idea of a sister being
intersected from the proper congregation, said: NO!
There were
many difficulties: the political situation after the liberation of India, the
danger to comprise a foreign sister, the community, the Catholic church. Even
Rome was absolutely contrary for the foundation of new religious orders,
particularly those female and missionaries, because there were many.
After some
time, consulting herself with her spiritual father, Mother Theresa and others
had identified a probable road: “ex-seclusion”. She could live and operate
outside the convent and community, but still belonging to the congregation
under the Bishop’s direct personal guide.
It didn’t
finish there. There is another great difficulty: her illness. For one year she
had a forced rest in Asansol for her illness: a general weakness, or maybe for
her old illness malarial-cough or a slow beginning of tuberculosis.
“Aimed” of
love and poverty, with sari and cross, she was ready to go out and in. There is
a need to change everything, from clothing to housing and of course the way to
live and act….
In order
to help the people one needs to better prepare himself on a professional point
of view. For this reason she went to Patna, where there were the American
sisters. She was highly welcomed by them for a nurse course.
She was
dressed with a simple sari like all the poor women in Bengala with a small
cross on her shoulder a distinguishing sign, meaning that one is “armed” with
the love of Christ for the poor amongst the poorest.
There she
encountered the superior Mother Dengel, a good and prudent sister. She gave
Mother Theresa good practical suggestions and recommendations for the life and
work that attended her.
Every
beginning is difficult. This is how it was again for Mother Theresa. She
returned to Calcutta before Christmas of 1948.
What to
do, where to start? Bring the love of God to the miserable people, visit them
and to cry out to the whole world that God loves every human being, especially
the ones who suffer.
So this is
how she beings her first steps of her new life: visit the people, give them her
smile, a handshake, a suggestion, a medicine; she gave herself entirely… bring
God into their lives.
Everyone
was a bit astonished and surprised to see her simply dressed in her sari and
the girls that see educated for almost 20 years, friends and families, had
great difficulty in recognising her.
Her
separation from the community was very painful. She herself admitted and said:
“It
was more difficult for me to leave the convent and the community of the “Loreto
Sisters” that it was with my family, my native land and to go in the missions…
There I was fully happy and content, but couldn’t not obey the voice of God to
the “call within the call”.
During
the day time it was easy to go around visit the people, even though she was a
white sister, she was looked with suspect and distrust.
During the
night dead and tired she would find herself with so many people that lived,
died and were born on the streets. These people do not have any form of
shelter. The more abandoned districts were such a “show” of human sufferance,
that it was unhuman to see people lying on the streets close to death in the
hands of such a cruel “destiny” bringing them in the hell of misery.
She saw
the other people who would just pass
by, go on with their proper life and not even be bothered nor touched inside
their hearts to witness such a cruel reality.
Living and
seeing the enormous difficulty of these people, and having the minimum
possibility to help them (she once had 5 rupia in her pocket and she gave them
all to a beggar), she then reverted herself to God and said the following
prayer:
“My
God, you are everything for me. Use me when you want… If I cannot help these
people in their poverty and disgrace, then let me at least die with them and
near them, so that I can testify your love!”.
She then had
another temptation that of the “comfort” of the convent, the room, the security
of the Order but she decidedly refused praying God in this way:
“My
God, you made me leave the convent where I was happy and useful, now guide me
as you wish!”.
She remembered
the suggestion given to her by her mother Drane: “My dear daughter, you must always look ahead…. Don’t ever
surrender….”
Free from
everybody and everything (she really had nothing), she became part of the poor
people, to be their teacher, mother, everything..
She
started with the poor children close to a water tank and began to clean them
and taught them about personal hygiene and all the rest.
This is
how she remembers the first school:
“I was
washing the children that were always very dirty. Many of them were washed for
the first time in their lives. I taught them about personal hygiene, good
manners, religion and how to read. The soil was my blackboard. All the children
were very happy. At the beginning they were only 5 them the number of children
started to grow. Those that came to me regularly received a soap as an award
for their efforts. At lunch time I’d distribute milk to them. Today in the same
place, a modern school is erected with more than 5000 children. There is really
God’s help in this.
The people
started to become aware that something was happening amongst them. There is an
absolute novelty: a white sister who day in and day out is amongst them,
helping, loving the children and their families. The best way to conquer the
parent’s hearts is the love towards their children.
The
students that she had educated for 20 years, above all those students from St.
Mary’s of Entaily, are the first to observe their teacher and to help her to
serve the poor. They are deeply touched and are attracted in being like her for
a life totally dedicated to God and their fellowmen.
Mother
Theresa found hospitality at the Gomes family. She was given a small poor room.
but it was just fine and enough because she had experienced what it meant to
live-wait and die in the streets of Calcutta.
The girls
asked her how and what would you like to do. She would like to do many things,
but in one word we can say: bring the love of Christ to the suffering,
relieving their suffering sharing it with them. To be, become and remain the
mother of love for everyone. It is useless to talk, explain or try to convince
these girls of this great project. There is a need to testify, demonstrate,
touch with heart-love all the poor, the abandoned, the lepers, but also the
other people, the rich and healthy, because only all together we can and must
do something beautiful for God.
The
first great present from heaven is Shabashini Dash a rich and good girl, full
of spirit and willingness… Like Mother Theresa she also inner struggled with
God for some years and finally had decided: “I will associate myself with
Mother Theresa to help her in order to help others!”.
It is
possible, thought Mother Theresa and she showed her hands, her clothing, her
home in order to tell her:
“My sweet
daughter, it is not possible to serve and help the poor in this way!?”.
But
Shabashini is convinced. She tells Mother Theresa: “I will go home take off these clothes and ornaments and then I’ll
come!”.
Mother
Theresa replied:
“No
not now, come later for Saint Joseph’s feast”.
The girl
replied: “That will be fine”, and
returned home.
Exactly
for Saint Joseph’s feast, she returned this time dressed with a simple sari and
told Mother Theresa:
“Please do not tell me no, I have definitively come to remain
with you!”
Seeing
that this girl was decided and after a certain reflection and prayer, Mother
Theresa said to her:
“Yes
my daughter, remain with me and that God help us in his will”.
The
reflection and prayer would walk together in the life of Mother Theresa,
because only with the prayer, God gave her strength to resist through the end,
to totally devote herself and to accept God’s ways.
This girl
had all the possibilities to become a valid collaborator: she was healthy; she
had a very sensible soul towards the poor; she had a spiritual inclination and
above all she had a happy spirit and lots, lots of desire to sacrifice herself
for her entire life. Respecting Mother Theresa, she took the name of Agnes,
which was the second name of Ganxhe Bojaxhiu.
Like
Shabashini other girls collaborated with Mother Theresa, with so much will and
dedication. Therefore this “work” was not considered “hers” but that of God,
because “the sign that God loves and supports us is in the vocations”; said
Mother Theresa. The vocations continued to arrive and they wanted at all costs
to remain with Mother Theresa and to be like her. Its God’s love that calls,
brings and attracts the young generous souls and also there was the life
examples of Mother Theresa which shortly became a provocation and challenge for
many girls.
If a white
foreign sister was capable of totally donating herself to serve our people, we
must and have to do something for her.
In
November 1949, Mother Theresa wrote home as follows:
“We are
now in 5. Please pray a lot so that our community will grow in sanctity and in
number, if this is God’s will. There is so much to do!…”.
The number
was growing, so much that in 1950 they were in 7 and toward the end of the year
in 10.
With the
first vocations the missionary work could increase and the needs were a lot;
the school, the poor, the dying, the lepers… But this had to be done slowly,
because the vocations were also a great “risk”, even that of working with great
enthusiasm and creating new structures.
“The
work, the silence, the love in action, yes, but only if it is really fruit of
faith and prayer, one must serve God in his fellowmen, otherwise, we simply
become social workers like many others and this could be our end,” said Mother
Theresa.
These
girls had to be educated for a religious life, for the vows inspiring them to
act but not pushed on by their will but that of God.
This was
the beginning of the novitiation. Mother Theresa had already in mind all the
rules of the future community: they had to adopt themselves to the requests
from the church authorities, to the necessities of the people and of the
possibilities of the young girls that God had sent her.
The
success was evident, that in 1950 with the recommendations of Monsignor Ferdinand
Pereira, Rome approved the constitution of the new religious community. The
date was October 7, 1950.
Besides
the classical religious vows which all religious congregations have, like:
obedience, poverty and chastity, Mother Theresa added another vow: to serve for
free and with love, all the poor amongst the poor, Why? Mother Theresa replies:
“The
poor are such not because they want to be, but because they are forced in being
poor. We instead, want to be poor like them, to testify to them and also to
others that God is love. Therefore, poverty is our interior force to serve and
love God in the poor”.
The two
human experiences that were common to most people of Calcutta and surrounding
areas that touched Mother Theresa’s heart were: sickness and poverty. She
personally alone could not do anything for them. There was the need to create
basic structures, to awaken the people, the public opinion, because Christ
openly in a particular way was on the poor and sick people’s side.
Indeed,
he identified himself like them, therefore, we needed to discover, serve and
love Christ in the poor. It is the logic of the Gospel. The love that must be
enlarged and concreted in the works and only then becomes love in action.
Mother Theresa loves to repeat this phrase.
As a
Loreto sister, she saw great misery among the people, first through her work as
a nurse and then particularly through the school, the children and their
families.
The
poverty is large, larger: “that this is a
huge weight to carry….Only now I can better understand how they suffer in their
body and souls when they search for shelter, help and support….”.
Mother
Theresa has arrived to a conclusion that might seem a little strange: to help
the poor, we need to be poor, make the experience in being poor, try, live,
understand poverty. Consequently react with love, for love. It seems absurd
that these sisters help the poor people. But its true! It is a “contradiction”
of our time that Mother Theresa is a great teacher and testimony. Mother
Theresa ate what they ate, slept where they slept and dressed as they
dressed,….
Another
original aspect that Mother Theresa discovered and enhanced is the following:
the poor people are very spiritually rich, human, because suffering makes them
mature, more human and sensible to others.
Mother
Theresa says:
“Our
people even if very poor, live and above all die happy, they are free. There is
happiness in them; they are thankful for everything, very sensible and very
good. One day I went and brought some rice to a very poor family. Later on the
mother of these 4 children ran away from home. After some time she cam back and
I asked her “where did you go to?” and she replied: My good mother, near us
there is a Muslim family. They are very, very poor and are dying of hunger, so
I always went there to bring them some food, rice. Her family was Hindu. See
how much generosity and altruism the poor have…”.
The poor
are the real protagonists of the life and works of Mother Theresa and her
sisters, but are also the point of interest indicated to all in the world.
Mother Theresa says:
“Every
man must have food, medicines; the possibility of curing oneself, but above all
love. The biggest injustice that can be made to the poor is not to respect them
and to despise them. Only when the rich will begin to divide their wealth
amongst the poor, they also shall be happy and serene. God has not created
poverty, mankind has. In front of God, everyone is poor!”.
Life goes
always ahead and so does the story of Mother Theresa and the “Missionary of
Charity”, over even better, the story of love that God has towards mankind,
that this time as protagonists are the abandoned children and orphans.
This was
one of the more dramatic problems for the poor population: children were found
sometimes near their nearly dead parents, there were even children abandoned
dead or in agony.
Mother
Theresa “sees” and “recognises” little Jesus in these children: even Jesus was
refused by everyone, born in a cave in Bethlehem. The story repeats itself.
She opened
a new house, this time for these threatened beings, in danger of life: the
“House of the abandoned children”. This house was opened in 1955. Many children
were already dead others were near to death, but Mother Theresa ordered to
bring them equally in the house of the abandoned children and to all the
possible things for them. Those that survived and fully recovered had found in
Mother Theresa a new mother, house, family, hospitality, love, community till
they became adolescent.
They were
kept until in condition to work and create their own family. Many of them were
adopted from the rich families in various part of the world. In this way the
joy was doubled; for these unfortunate children and for the families that have
adopted them, but above all, for Mother Theresa, that had become a bridge for
new bonds, friendships in order to save and to make happy a lot of children.
A lot of
times some sisters would find amongst rubbish, on the street or on sidewalks,
even just born children in great danger. One time Mother Theresa found a dying
boy, she took him and hugged him with great love and brought him close to her
heart, and said:
“Look there
is still life in this boy. No man has the right to take the life away of
anybody. Life is a gift from God”.
This
goodwill work towards abandoned children and orphans had more and more
progressed either that being of the increased number of children or being that
of diversified problems: sick, deaf-mute, blind, physically and mentally
disturbed children. In this way various internal branches grown in the house of
the abandoned.
Another
view of poverty that Mother Theresa looked on was that of the abandoned people
dying in the streets. To live and to die in the streets. What destiny, what
sadness, what contradiction, what absurdity, what injustice, what shame for all
of us!
In
Calcutta and surrounding area, as like in various places in India and in many
poor countries of the world, it is nearly almost a “normal” daily thing a cruel
reality that doesn’t “disturb” almost nobody.
Mother
Theresa knows, she saw while walking in the streets of Calcutta, going to
school. She could not accept this fatality and remain only on a knowing,
compassionate basis and nothing else. Their destiny was more and more becoming
her destiny. Amongst the poor and sick there many that are dying, these people
have never “tasted” life, love, the human cure, the touch, a caress – human
contact. Mother Theresa decided to do something for them also.
The work
for the dying – began as follows: Mother Theresa was searching for the poor
sick people, when on the street she found a dying man that was slightly giving
life signs. He was still moving his eyes, his lips that were whispering:
“Help
me, I’m dying! I don’t have anybody!”.
He was
trying to move, but he was too weak to do it. This was in 1952.
Lets hear
a dramatic story through the voice of Mother Theresa:
“One
day I found a dying man in the rubbish, not too far from the Campbell hospital
close to our house. I went to pray for him to be received in the hospital. In
vain. There was no space for him. We went to the pharmacy to get some
medicines, but this poor man was already dead. I was so touched and unhappy. So
I therefore said: The people have more care for dogs and cats than that of
human beings. Then I went to protest at the city hall authorities…”.
This
situation didn’t sop here. She also went to protest at the hospital and said to
the state authorities:
“If
you all do not want to care for these people who die in the streets, then find
me a place where I can arrange and take care of them….”.
They gave her
a precise indication, but also complicated and dangerous. In the district of
Kalighat, which is like the “Vatican of Rome” for the city of Calcutta, the
religious centre for the Hindu: the famous and beautiful temple of the Kalì
goddess. Around the temple there were many buildings, a commercial complex
building, for the holy bath and many other activities. There was also a big
building for pilgrims, where after praying and other religious rituals would
stay and rest. The state official together with Mother Theresa went on site and
made her see this building, asking her if she would like to take it and use it
for the dying.
Mother
Theresa immediately accepted with great thankfulness. Within 24 hours this
building was full of dying people.
But
another difficulty came on: the priests of the Kalì goddess and other faithful
Hindus, after seeing that their holy place was “violated”, without minding of
cast, religion and many other differences, went furious against Mother Theresa.
She
instead helped serenely, cleaned, cured, loved, served… Very angry they went to
Mother Theresa to ask her why she came there with all these people. After
hearing that this place (the house of the dying) was given to her by the state
authorities, they harshly protested even with the authorities, thus provoking a
serious religious conflict.
An
official promised that he would kick-out this “white woman” that didn’t respect
their religious tradition. He really did this. He went with much anger to
verify on site “the right of violation”. When he entered in the big hall, he
found himself in front of something that he never saw: There were about a
hundred of women and men lying near to death and Mother Theresa with her
sisters, were doing their possible to save them and if that was not possible,
at least try to make them die in peach with human dignity!
This
official was very touched with what he saw. He called Mother Theresa and told
her:
“Wishes,
good Mother! You are truly the goddess Kalì in person, the angel of
consolation. Continue in this way. I wish you all the best and great success.
May God help you!”.
He went
out, touched and angry almost crying and said to the priests of the goddess
Kalì, the faithful people and journalists.
“Yes I
have truly promised that I would have sent this woman away and I maintain my
engagement; but listen to me well for what I have to say: before this there is
the need that all of your mothers, sisters and yourselves must come and do what
these sisters do. In the temple you have a black stone goddess, but inside
there is a live goddess!”.
Seeing the
goodness, generosity and the extraordinary dedications for the dying, the
population little by little accepted this home. The Kalì priests also accepted
this, trying in all ways with their support and help.
This work
began on August 22 1952, when the “missionary of charity” were only 28 sisters
and were welcomed guests in the Gomes family.
In 1986
Mother Theresa told of this fact:
“The
House of the Pure Heart (this is how the house of dying was called) and for
many “Purgatory”; the passage to the Father’s house. Up till today 60.000 among
men and women have passed here, about 30.000 have died there in peace others
have be saved. Here is a typical example:
I one day found a man in a sewer. All his body was a great
sore. The mice had almost “eaten” his body. I brought him to our house for the
dying. You know what that man told me? He said. I have lived all my life like
an animal in the street. Now I will die like an angel, surrounded with love and
care.
I can
never forget his words, but above all his serene and smiling face. After three
hours he died really like an angel”.
The
sisters every morning would go on the streets to search for the dying. At first
the people would look on them with spite and with a little fear: then a
collaboration and reciprocal help was born. The population itself, if they saw
or found someone on the streets, they would bring the person to Mother Theresa
or they would indicate where these people were lying.
There are
many young boys and girls among these collaborators. The work was very
difficult, it required a big faith but also physical strength.
In 1962
Mother Theresa founded the male branch “Missionary of Charity”.
Already in
1969 the “Missionary of Charity” had opened 15 houses for the dying, 12 in
India and 3 elsewhere. Every year the number of these houses would increase,
but the experience in this work, the love and the warm welcome for a serene
passage to eternity was also increasing.
Here is
another story told by Mother Theresa:
“Myself
and some sisters were going to the Eucharistic Congress when all of a sudden I
notice two human beings near to death: a woman and a man. I stopped and told
the sisters: you all go to the congress, I will instead stay here and assist them.
I took them and brought them to our house of the dying. Many were very angry
with me because I didn’t attend the congress. I simply told them this: I left
to go and adore Jesus under the bread form and I found him under a dying form.
I stopped and adored and expressed all my love to him…”
This work
had a deep human value to Mother Theresa, but above all “Christian” to give a
meaning to a life already humanly speaking, failed, desperate, ruined and to
recover in “extremis” as Jesus did on the cross with the repented thief. These
people that in their life do not now anything but hunger, thirst, pain and life
on the street. This work is to demonstrate, testify and make the love of God
live amongst them in dramatic moments and to assure them that God waits for
them in the eternal glory without any religious or race distinction.
Here is
what provokes the meaning of closeness, testimony and love:
One woman
was near to death. This woman seeing Mother Theresa serve, love, clean and hug,
made a question to her:
“Why are you doing this?”
Mother
Theresa replied:
“Because I care for you and because God loves you!”
And
she happily said:
“Say
that again, because it is the first time in my life that I hear these words”.
Mother
Theresa remarked:
“She happily
died away in peace towards God’s home”.
Apart from
children, the sick, and the dying, she dedicated herself to the lepers, the
handicapped and in the last years to people affect with AIDS….
Her life
was spent till her last resources toward all who represented “human poverty”.
But in this poverty Mother Theresa put even other sickness of our
industrialised society: drugs, alcoholism, solitude, the lack of faith and
Christian values. she was very sensible with the problem related to abortion,
which in many time in public occasions would express her disapproval and
thought:
“Today
the biggest danger for peace is the abortion, the killing of an unborn human
being; in fact, if we can suppress the life given by God, if a mother can be an
executioner of her proper child, then what can we say about all the assassins
in the world? For this reason homicides are growing more and more”.
In
her life project, Mother Theresa had to overcome many difficulties: surely the
most difficult were envy, defamation, promises not maintained, stupidity,
perfidy,… like all those who want to “construct” in society must daily
encounter. She however, had founded her force in the Gospel, so that nothing
could stop nor frighten her.
In the
house of the abandoned children founded by her in Calcutta, a content on a wall
can be read in great evidence:
Mankind is
irrational, illogical, egocentric;
If you do
good deeds, you will be attributed for selfish hidden purposes;
IT DOESN’T
MATTER, DO GOOD DEEDS.
If you
realise your goals, you will find false and true friends;
IT DOESN’T
MATTER, REALISE THEM.
Honesty
and sincerity renders you vulnerable;
IT DOESN’T
MATTER, BE SINCERE AND HONEST.
All that you
have constructed in so many years can be destroyed all at once;
IT DOESN’T
MATTER, CONSTRUCT.
If you
help people, they will not praise you;
IT DOESN’T
MATTER, HELP THEM.
Give the
world the best of you and the will surely kick you;
IT DOESN’T
MATTER, GIVE THE BEST OF YOURSELF.
Mother
Theresa has always tried to find the way to involve many people in order that
they do something beautiful for God.
The
necessities are many and there is the need to educate the people to do good
deeds, to have an open heart towards human suffering and to stay close to the
people that need our help.
Therefore,
she thought and founded many branches of her congregation:
-
“Missionary Sisters of Charity”
-
“Missionary Brothers of Charity” (1963) are at present
working in various parts of the world with 50 houses and centres, under the
guidance of Brother Andrea ex-Jesuit and co-founder of this work;
-
The international association “Collaborators of
Mother Theresa” which in 1969, pope John Paul I gave his approval and blessing
with great gratitude and care. These people help and spiritually/materially
support the work of Mother Theresa. It is a laic international association
which wants to live in the spirit of Christ as did Mother Theresa. Today they
are about 100.000 in all the world, trying to know, love and serve the needy.
-
“Missionaries of Charity”
-
“Brothers of Words”
Above all
in the last periods of her life, she travelled a lot and had encountered very
important people. She would sometimes receive visiting cards from many people.
She to had a visiting card and would give it to others. The card had written:
The fruit of faith is love,
The fruit of love is the service,
The fruit of service is peace.